- 40 bytes vs 20 bytes for IPv4
- next header field gives extensibility (for different protocols, i.e. ICMPv6, TCP(ng), UDP and for additional capability such as security
- Layout
- Version
- Priority
- Flow label
- Payload length
- Next header
- Hop limit
- 128 bit source address
- 128 bit destination address
- Hop-by-Hop (examined at each hop point)
- Routing header (i.e source routing)
- Strict - must be neighbor
- Loose - may not be neighbor
- Multicast addrs not allowed
- TCP may auto-reverse the route in reply to a client SYN
- UDP has to specify route
- Fragment header (which fragment this is)
- Authentication header - mechanism to make sure the packet got to destination unchanged from source
- Encapsulating Security Payload Header - mechanism to encrypt the payload to keep it confidential
More info:
rfc1883
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